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TIL A Pythagorean cup is a practical joke device in a form of a drinking cup, credited to Pythagoras of Samos.

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WkK7N TIL Cats only have a few hundred taste buds, compared to 9000+ for humans. They are unable to taste anything sweet. They dislike anything bitter like lemons or coffee, interpreting it as something dangerous.
jNrVR TIL that one of the most complex Chinese characters, requiring 58 strokes in its traditional form, represents the syllable "biáng", used in the name for a type of noodles. It is so complex that it is missing from most modern dictionaries and is not encoded in Unicode.
0dRrA TIL about France's Camargue bullfighting, where the object is to not kill the bull, but to remove objects attached to their horns for a cash prize. (More details in comments)
nepmr TIL that Taiwan's navy operates a submarine still operational since 1945, making it the longest-serving submarine in the world.
O90e TIL in 1868, samurai killed 11 French sailors. Over 30 samurai were ordered to commit suicide for the injustice; when the number was reduced to 20, the indignant samurai cut out their own intestines and flung them at the French. The sentence was then reduced to 11