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TIL of the first native English teacher in Japan, Ranald MacDonald (a grandson of Comcomly), who risked death to enter Japan in 1848. One of his students was Einosuke Moriyama. Despite this, he died a poor man in Washington state. His last words were reportedly "Sayonara, my dear, sayonara..."

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5YVAn Hot enough to boil oceans and vaporize rock. The highest terrestrial temperatures occurred more than four billion years ago, when a Mars-size proto-planet smashed into the Earth. (The debris from this collision formed our moon.) Within a millennium, the surface air temperature had dropped from a high of about 3,700°F down to 3,000°. Then the planet went into a period of slower cooling that lasted a few tens of millions of years.
wLLmE TIL of the existence of Sovereign Military Order of Malta. A sovereign state recognised by international law and seating in the UN without any territorial claims.
GAQR4 TIL: In 1863, a professor named William Henry Perkin was trying to formulate a cure for Malaria but instead he inadvertently created the first commercialized synthetic dye.
nerWo TIL: The National Park Service has an Investigative Services Branch which does the equivalent job of the FBI
mxxwx TIL People can keep their amputated limbs. A woman requested to keep her leg before being amputated due to cancer. Now she and her leg travel the world, posting photos of their adventures on Instagram.