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TIL what exactly causes ice circles and other obscure snow and ice formations like snow rollers and ice pancakes to appear each winter

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M71x7 TIL some bacteria evolved a needle-like structure for injecting other cells with special proteins. Type III secretion system , as it is called, is still poorly understood and we don't fully know how bacteria make them and how the needle itself works.
a8dRM TIL that when privateer Klaus Störtebeker and his 73-man crew were executed by the city of Hamburg, the executioner was asked if he was tired. He replied he could 'easily execute the whole senate as well,' and was then executed himself.
x6vk7 TIL the first transatlantic telegraph cable was completed in 1858 and it took 2 minutes for a single character to make the journey, the first full message from Queen Victoria taking almost 18 hours to complete.
1arNP TIL Indigenous Australians are the most ancient continuous civilisation on Earth, a fact backed by the first extensive study of their DNA, which dates their origins to more than 50,000 years ago. Scientists traced their linage to the DNA of modern populations in Australia and Papua New Guinea.
PY0Jg TIL DNA testing showed Subway Sandwiches' chicken was only 50% meat, the rest was soy. The testing was done at a University forensic lab. Subway vehemently denied the data.