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TIL there was a song written in the 1630s that was performed only in the Sistine Chapel. The Vatican kept the composition of the piece secret for 150 years until the 14-year-old Mozart listened to the piece 2 times, transcribed it from memory, and produced the first unauthorized copy of the song.

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XBGR TIL that before the invention of the heart-lung machine, surgeons used “cross circulation” for open heart surgeries - a child was connected to their parent’s heart, which oxygenated the patient’s blood and pumped it back in.
abWy TIL Bald Eagles go through a crazy color transformation: the first five years they gradually change; the beak turns from black to yellow, the eyes from brown to pale yellow, body feathers from mottled to dark brown, and head and tail feathers from mottled to solid white.
dDMkr TIL with few exceptions there's no such thing as a "family coat of arms." Coats of arms are given to individuals. They can be passed down but are not associated with a surname. There can be many coats of arms in a family. Companies offering surname histories and arms often fabricate their findings.
mjlO TIL the longest jail term in the US to a single person on multiple counts was to Oklahoma child rapist Charles Scott Robinson in 1994. He was sentenced to a total of 30,000 years, 5,000 years for each of the six counts against him.
6ERlW TIL: In New Zealand there is a Hill named Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu (85 letters), which holds the records for the longest named place in the World.